brain stimulation

Excitation-Inhibition Balance and Fronto-Limbic Connectivity Distinguish TMS Treatment Outcomes in Refractory Depression

Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is effective for treatment-resistant depression, but outcomes remain variable. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying response …

Neurophysiological signatures of Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy in treatment resistant depression

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects approximately 30% of patients with major depressive disorder. Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT), a high-dose intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, produces rapid …

Unifying transcranial focused ultrasound and transcranial magnetic stimulation effects with calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity theory

Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging technology that shares features of both established invasive neurostimulation techniques such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and noninvasive techniques such as …

Towards a mathematical theory of rTMS-induced neural plasticity

Alpha rhythm subharmonics underlie responsiveness to theta burst stimulation via calcium metaplasticity

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique to modulate brain activity, often used in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) by targeting fronto-limbic circuitry. Despite its clinical utility, optimizing rTMS …

TMS-Evoked Responses Are Driven by Recurrent Large-Scale Network Dynamics

A major question in systems and cognitive neuroscience is to what extent neurostimulation responses are driven by recurrent activity. This question finds sharp relief in the case of TMS-EEG evoked potentials (TEPs). TEPs are spatiotemporal waveform …

Whole-Brain Modelling: Past, Present, and Future

Whole-Brain Modelling is a scientific field with a short history and a long past. Its various disciplinary roots and conceptual ingredients extend back to as early as the 1940s. It was not until the late 2000s, however, that a nascent paradigm …